/* =====================================================
   Theme: "Google Lab" — clean sans, restrained blue accent
   ===================================================== */

:root {
  /* Light */
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --bg-soft: #f8f9fa;
  --bg-tier: #f1f3f4;
  --ink: #202124;
  --ink-soft: #3c4043;
  --ink-faint: #5f6368;
  --ink-fainter: #80868b;
  --rule: #e8eaed;
  --rule-soft: #f1f3f4;
  --accent: #1a73e8;
  --accent-hover: #1557b0;
  --accent-soft: #d2e3fc;
  --highlight: #fef7e0;

  --serif-display: "Roboto Flex", "Google Sans Text", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --serif-body: "Roboto Flex", "Google Sans Text", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --mono: "Roboto Mono", ui-monospace, "SF Mono", monospace;

  --rail: 9rem;
  --reading: 44rem;
  --content-width: calc(var(--rail) + var(--reading));
  --nav-width: 60rem;
}

[data-theme="dark"] {
  --bg: #1f1f1f;
  --bg-soft: #282a2d;
  --bg-tier: #303134;
  --ink: #e8eaed;
  --ink-soft: #bdc1c6;
  --ink-faint: #9aa0a6;
  --ink-fainter: #80868b;
  --rule: #3c4043;
  --rule-soft: #2d2e31;
  --accent: #8ab4f8;
  --accent-hover: #aecbfa;
  --accent-soft: #1a3a6b;
  --highlight: #3c2e00;
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif-body);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  font-variation-settings: "wdth" 100, "opsz" 14;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color .15s;
}
a:hover { color: var(--accent-hover); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

::selection { background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--ink); }

.page { position: relative; z-index: 2; padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3rem); }
.container {
  max-width: var(--content-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

section {
  padding: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.25rem) 0;
  position: relative;
  scroll-margin-top: 5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
section:first-of-type { border-top: none; }
main#top { scroll-margin-top: 5rem; }
.hero { scroll-margin-top: 5rem; }
/* Tighter divider above the first content section (Biography) after the hero. */
#about { padding-top: clamp(.75rem, 1.5vw, 1rem); }
.hero { padding-bottom: clamp(.75rem, 1.5vw, 1rem); }

.rail-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: var(--rail) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.rail-layout.rail-layout--full,
.rail-layout--full {
  display: block !important;
  grid-template-columns: none !important;
}
.rail-layout--full > * { width: 100%; }
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .rail-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .75rem; }
}

.rail {
  position: sticky;
  top: 5rem;
  align-self: start;
}
.rail .section-num { display: none; }
.rail .section-name {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  letter-spacing: -.015em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  display: block;
}

/* header / nav */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 92%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.nav {
  max-width: var(--nav-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: .9rem clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.nav-brand {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -.005em;
  color: var(--ink);
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.nav-brand:hover { text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); }
.nav-brand em { color: var(--accent); font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; }
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  font-size: .875rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
}
.nav-links a { white-space: nowrap; }
.nav-links a {
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  position: relative;
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }

.theme-toggle {
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 50%;
  width: 2.25rem; height: 2.25rem;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  transition: all .15s;
}
.theme-toggle:hover { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }
.theme-toggle svg { width: 1.05rem; height: 1.05rem; }

@media (max-width: 720px) { .nav-links { display: none; } }

/* hero */
.hero {
  padding: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem) 0 clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4rem);
  border-top: none;
}

.hero-eyebrow {
  font-size: .8rem;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .75rem;
}
.hero-eyebrow::before { display: none; }

.hero-name {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 7vw, 5rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-variation-settings: "wdth" 100, "opsz" 144, "wght" 700;
}
.hero-name em { font-style: normal; color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }

.hero-lede {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.6vw, 1.2rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0 0 2rem;
}
.hero-lede strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }

.hero-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem 2.75rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.hero-meta > div { min-width: 0; }
/* full-row break element, only active on wide viewports where all 6 items
   would otherwise squeeze onto one line */
.meta-break { display: none; }
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .meta-break { display: block; flex-basis: 100%; height: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
}
.hero-meta dt {
  font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  margin-bottom: .2rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.hero-meta dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: .92rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .45rem;
}
.hero-meta dd a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .45rem;
}
.icon {
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
}
.hero-meta dd a:hover .icon { color: var(--accent); }
.icon-lg { width: 1.3rem; height: 1.3rem; }

/* spotlight */
.spotlight {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  gap: 1.5rem .75rem;
  align-items: center;
  max-width: 64rem;
}
.spotlight::before, .spotlight::after { display: none; }
.spotlight-badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .4rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.spotlight-badges .pill-venue {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.spotlight-body h3 {
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin: 0 0 .25rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.spotlight-body p { margin: 0; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.spotlight-stat {
  text-align: right;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
}
.spotlight-stat .num {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent);
  line-height: 1;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.spotlight-stat .lbl {
  display: block;
  font-size: .68rem;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  margin-top: .35rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .spotlight { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1rem; padding: 1.25rem; }
  .spotlight-badges { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .spotlight-stat { text-align: left; border-left: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: .75rem 0 0; }
}

/* section heads (kept for potential future use; page sections rely on rail label) */
.section-head {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.6vw, 2.15rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
  margin: 0 0 .5rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.section-head em { font-style: normal; color: var(--accent); }
.section-dek {
  font-size: .95rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-style: normal;
}

/* bio */
.bio {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.bio p { margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.bio p:first-of-type::first-letter {
  font-size: inherit;
  float: none;
  padding: 0;
  color: inherit;
  font-weight: inherit;
  font-style: inherit;
}
.bio strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.bio a { color: var(--accent); border: none; }
.bio a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }

.bio-footer {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  padding-top: .75rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem 2rem;
  font-size: .85rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
}
.bio-footer span strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; margin-right: .4em; }

/* news */
.news-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.news-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.1rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  align-items: start;
  transition: transform .2s;
}
.news-item-clickable { cursor: pointer; }
.news-item:hover { transform: translateX(.5rem); }
.news-item:first-child { border-top: none; padding-top: 0; }
.news-date {
  display: block;
  font-size: .75rem;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: .3rem;
}
.news-content .tag { margin-right: .4rem; vertical-align: 1px; }
.news-body { font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--ink-soft); min-width: 0; }
.news-image {
  width: 8.5rem;
  height: 5.5rem;
  margin: 0;
  border-radius: 6px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--bg-tier);
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.news-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .news-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .75rem; }
  .news-image { width: 100%; height: 9rem; }
}
.news-body .tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .25rem;
  font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-right: .5rem;
  padding: .1rem .45rem;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: none;
  vertical-align: 1px;
}
.news-body .tag-award {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--accent);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .news-body .tag-award { color: var(--bg); }

/* education list */
.education { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.edu {
  padding: .9rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.edu:first-child { border-top: none; padding-top: 0; }
.edu-degree {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 0 0 .2rem;
  letter-spacing: -.005em;
}
.edu-institution {
  font-size: .9rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .5rem 1.25rem;
  align-items: baseline;
}
.edu-loc {
  font-size: .72rem;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.news-body strong, .news-body em { color: var(--ink); font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; }
.news-body a { color: var(--accent); border: none; }
.news-body a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

.news-more {
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  font-size: .9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.news-more a { color: var(--accent); }
.news-more a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* pub controls */
.pub-controls {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .45rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  align-items: center;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.pub-controls-label {
  font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  margin-right: .5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.pub-filter {
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--serif-body);
  font-size: .8rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  padding: .35rem .75rem;
  border-radius: 100px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all .15s;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.pub-filter:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }
.pub-filter[aria-pressed="true"] {
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .pub-filter[aria-pressed="true"] { color: var(--bg); }

/* pub entries */
.pub-group { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; padding: 0; border: none; }
.pub-group:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.pub-year {
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin: 0 0 .5rem;
  padding-bottom: .25rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  letter-spacing: -.005em;
}

.pub-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.pub {
  padding: .85rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.pub:first-child { border-top: none; padding-top: .5rem; }

.pub-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .35rem;
  margin-bottom: .4rem;
}
.pill {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  padding: .15rem .5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.pill-venue {
  color: #3d5a4c;
  background: #e3ede7;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .pill-venue {
  color: #a8cbb8;
  background: #23302a;
}
.pill-award {
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--accent);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .3rem;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .pill-award { color: var(--bg); }
.pill-icon { width: .8rem; height: .8rem; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.pill-status {
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-transform: lowercase;
  font-style: italic;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.pub-title {
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin: 0 0 .25rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: -.005em;
}
.pub-authors {
  font-size: .85rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  font-style: normal;
  margin: 0 0 .3rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.pub-authors .me { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.pub-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .25rem .6rem;
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  margin-top: .2rem;
}
.pub-meta a { color: var(--ink-faint); border: none; }
.pub-meta a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }
.pub-meta .tag { color: var(--ink-fainter); }

.pub-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .35rem;
  margin-top: .4rem;
}
/* Sized to match .pill (venue, award, status) */
.pub-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: .25rem;
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  padding: .15rem .5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  line-height: 1.4;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: all .15s;
}
.pub-link:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .pub-link:hover { color: var(--bg); }
.pub-link span { font-size: .85em; transition: transform .15s; }
.pub-link:hover span { transform: translate(1px, -1px); }

/* timeline */
.timeline { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; position: relative; }
.timeline {
  --line-x: 5.5rem;
}
.timeline::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--line-x);
  top: 0; bottom: 0;
  width: 1px;
  background: var(--rule);
}
.xp {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 5rem 1fr;
  gap: 1.75rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 0;
  position: relative;
}
.xp::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  /* 9px dot with 2px border (box-sizing border-box = 9px total);
     center on 1px line => left = line-x - (9-1)/2 */
  left: calc(var(--line-x) - 4px);
  top: 2rem;
  width: 9px; height: 9px;
  background: var(--bg);
  border: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  z-index: 2;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.xp-dates {
  font-size: .78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  padding-top: .25rem;
  text-align: right;
  padding-right: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.xp-body { padding-left: 1rem; }
.xp-title {
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  margin: 0 0 .1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  letter-spacing: -.005em;
}
.xp-org {
  font-style: normal;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: .92rem;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.xp-loc {
  font-size: .72rem;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-left: .5rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.xp-desc { font-size: .9rem; color: var(--ink-soft); line-height: 1.6; margin: 0; }
.xp-desc a { color: var(--accent); border: none; }

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .timeline::before { left: .4rem; }
  .xp { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .3rem; }
  .xp::before { left: 0; top: .4rem; }
  .xp-dates { text-align: left; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 1.2rem; }
  .xp-body { padding-left: 1.2rem; }
}

/* patents */
.patent-lede {
  font-size: .92rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-style: normal;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding: .9rem 1.1rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
}
.patent-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(11rem, 1fr));
  gap: .75rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.patent-stat {
  padding: 1.1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 8px;
}
.patent-stat .num {
  display: block;
  font-size: 2.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}
.patent-stat .lbl {
  display: block;
  font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  margin-top: .4rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.patent-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.patent {
  padding: .9rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 5rem 1fr auto;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  align-items: baseline;
}
.patent:first-child { border-top: none; }
.patent-role {
  font-size: .68rem;
  letter-spacing: .03em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  padding: .1rem .45rem;
  border-radius: 3px;
  display: inline-block;
  justify-self: start;
}
.patent-role.secondary { color: var(--ink-faint); background: var(--bg-tier); }
.patent-title {
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: .95rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.patent-date {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-weight: 500;
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .patent { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .2rem; }
  .patent-date { order: 2; }
}

/* contact */
.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(16rem, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.contact-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 1.25rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: all .15s;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.contact-item:hover { border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); text-decoration: none; }
.contact-item:hover .icon { color: var(--accent); }
.contact-item .icon-lg {
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.contact-item dt {
  font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  margin-bottom: .2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.contact-item dd { margin: 0; font-size: .98rem; font-weight: 500; color: var(--ink); }

/* footer */
.site-footer {
  padding: 2rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-size: .82rem;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.site-footer a { color: var(--ink-faint); }
.site-footer a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.colophon { font-style: normal; }

/* fade-in */
.fade {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(8px);
  animation: fade-up .6s cubic-bezier(.2,.6,.2,1) forwards;
}
.fade:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: .05s; }
.fade:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .1s; }
.fade:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .15s; }
.fade:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: .2s; }
.fade:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: .25s; }
@keyframes fade-up { to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .01ms !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; }
}

/* posts page */
.posts-intro { max-width: 60ch; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.post-card {
  display: block;
  padding: .9rem 0 1.4rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  color: var(--ink);
  transition: transform .2s;
}
.post-card:hover { transform: translateX(.5rem); text-decoration: none; }
.post-card-date {
  font-size: .75rem;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.post-card-title {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: .3rem 0 .3rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
}
.post-card-excerpt { color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0; font-size: .92rem; }

.empty-state {
  padding: 2rem 0;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  font-size: .92rem;
}

/* ====================================================
   News detail pages (/news/<slug>/) & long-form posts
   ==================================================== */
.post-container { max-width: 46rem; padding: 1rem 0 4rem; }
.post-back { margin: 1.5rem 0 0; font-size: .85rem; }
.post-back a { color: var(--ink-faint); }
.post-back a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.post-header { margin: 2rem 0 2.5rem; }
.post-disclaimer {
  font-size: .82rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  padding: .75rem 1rem;
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  border-left: 3px solid var(--ink-fainter);
  border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
  font-style: italic;
}
.post-kicker {
  font-size: .72rem;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-fainter);
  margin: 0 0 .75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.post-title {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}
.post-lede {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin: 0;
}

.post-figure { margin: 2rem 0; }
.post-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 32rem;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  display: block;
  background: var(--bg-soft);
}
/* For portrait-aspect images (certificates tend to be near-square or portrait-ish on close crop),
   cap narrower so they don't dominate the reading column. */
.post-figure.post-figure--compact img { max-height: 26rem; max-width: 32rem; margin: 0 auto; }
.post-figure figcaption {
  font-size: .95rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin-top: .85rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  font-style: italic;
}

.post-body { font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--ink); }
.post-body p { margin: 0 0 1.25rem; }
.post-body strong { font-weight: 600; }
.post-body em { font-style: italic; }
.post-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem; margin-top: 2rem; padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.post-tags .tag {
  font-size: .72rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  padding: .2rem .55rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* Markdown-rendered essays */
.essay { font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.essay h2 { font-size: 1.45rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 2rem 0 .75rem; letter-spacing: -.015em; }
.essay h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 1.5rem 0 .5rem; }
.essay p { margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.essay ul, .essay ol { margin: 0 0 1rem 1.25rem; padding-left: .75rem; }
.essay li { margin: .3rem 0; }
.essay code {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: .88em;
  background: var(--bg-tier);
  padding: .1em .35em;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.essay pre {
  background: var(--bg-tier);
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 6px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  font-size: .88rem;
  margin: 1rem 0;
}
.essay pre code { background: transparent; padding: 0; }

/* highlight.js colour mapping — tuned to the site's accent and neutral
   palette so COBOL/other fenced code reads as highlighted without
   clashing with Google-lab-style chrome. */
.essay pre code.hljs { background: transparent; padding: 0; }
.hljs-keyword,
.hljs-section,
.hljs-built_in,
.hljs-type,
.hljs-selector-tag { color: #1a73e8; font-weight: 600; }
.hljs-string,
.hljs-literal { color: #188038; }
.hljs-number,
.hljs-symbol,
.hljs-meta { color: #b06000; }
.hljs-comment,
.hljs-quote { color: var(--ink-fainter); font-style: italic; }
.hljs-title,
.hljs-name,
.hljs-attr,
.hljs-variable,
.hljs-params { color: #a142f4; }
.hljs-punctuation,
.hljs-operator { color: var(--ink-soft); }
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-keyword,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-section,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-built_in,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-type,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-selector-tag { color: #8ab4f8; }
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-string,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-literal { color: #81c995; }
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-number,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-symbol,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-meta { color: #fdd663; }
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-title,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-name,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-attr,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-variable,
[data-theme="dark"] .hljs-params { color: #c58af9; }
.essay blockquote {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
  padding: .2rem 0 .2rem 1rem;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-style: italic;
  margin: 1rem 0;
}
.essay table {
  border-collapse: collapse;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 1rem 0;
  font-size: .92rem;
}
.essay th, .essay td {
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: .4rem .7rem;
  text-align: left;
}
.essay th { background: var(--bg-soft); font-weight: 600; }

/* Side-by-side panel row for essays (e.g. motivating figure) */
.essay-panels {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: .75rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}
.essay-panels .panel {
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 6px;
  padding: .75rem;
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  font-size: .85rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.essay-panels .panel h4 {
  margin: 0 0 .5rem;
  font-size: .72rem;
  letter-spacing: .05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  font-weight: 600;
  padding-bottom: .35rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.essay-panels .panel pre {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
  font-size: .72rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.essay-panels .panel pre code {
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: inherit;
}
.essay-panels .panel p { margin: 0 0 .5rem; font-size: .78rem; }
.essay-panels .panel p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.essay-panels .panel img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  background: var(--bg);
}
.essay-panels .panel figcaption {
  font-size: .72rem;
  color: var(--ink-faint);
  margin-top: .5rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
/* Graph row: stays inside the reading column. Panels keep the paper's
   40/30/28 proportions; figure's default 40px browser margin is zeroed
   so the row doesn't overflow the reading column. Each panel wears the
   same rounded-box chrome as .essay-panels .panel. */
.essay-panels--graphs {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: .5rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}
.essay-panels--graphs .panel {
  margin: 0;
  padding: .5rem;
  background: var(--bg-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 6px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-width: 0;
}
/* Match the paper's LaTeX layout exactly: p{0.40\linewidth},
   p{0.30\linewidth}, p{0.28\linewidth}. Each cell keeps its proportion;
   subtract gap+padding from the flex-basis so three panels still fit. */
.essay-panels--graphs .panel:nth-child(1) { flex: 0 0 calc(40% - .5rem); }
.essay-panels--graphs .panel:nth-child(2) { flex: 0 0 calc(30% - .5rem); }
.essay-panels--graphs .panel:nth-child(3) { flex: 0 0 calc(28% - .5rem); }
.essay-panels--graphs .panel img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  background: var(--bg);
  border-radius: 3px;
}
/* Caption pinned to the bottom of each equal-height panel so the three
   captions align on the same baseline even when the images differ in
   aspect ratio. */
.essay-panels--graphs .panel figcaption {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding: .5rem .25rem 0;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Figure + algorithm, side-by-side. The algorithm pane sets the row
   height (it's taller); the figure pane stretches to match so the two
   panels end on the same baseline and the image can grow to fill its
   column. */
.essay-panels--figalg {
  display: grid;
  /* Figure narrower than code — the portrait tree doesn't need much
     width, but the algorithm's monospace lines do. Matches
     essay-panels--graphs tight-packing: small gap, minimal padding,
     panels butt against the reading-column edges. */
  grid-template-columns: 40fr 60fr;
  gap: .5rem;
  align-items: stretch;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}
.essay-panels--figalg .panel {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-width: 0;
}
/* Figure panel: image fills its panel edge-to-edge (no inner padding,
   no border). Caption sits directly below. */
.essay-panels--figalg .panel > img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  margin: 0;
}
.essay-panels--figalg .panel > figcaption:last-child {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: .5rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.essay-panels--figalg .panel--algorithm {
  background: transparent;
}
.essay-panels--figalg .algorithm-title {
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  text-align: left;
  font-style: normal;
  margin: 0 0 .4rem;
  padding-bottom: .4rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.essay-panels--figalg pre.algorithm {
  margin: 0 0 .6rem;
  padding: .85rem 1rem;
  background: var(--bg-tier);
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: .82rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  overflow-x: auto;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.essay-panels--figalg pre.algorithm code {
  background: transparent;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: "Roboto Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace;
  /* Light colour-pass that styles keywords / comments / line numbers so
     the block reads like a normal code listing. Applied via CSS rather
     than hljs because pseudocode isn't a registered hljs grammar. */
}
.essay-panels--figalg pre.algorithm code .kw { color: #1a73e8; font-weight: 600; }
.essay-panels--figalg pre.algorithm code .cm { color: var(--ink-fainter); font-style: italic; }
.essay-panels--figalg pre.algorithm code .ln { color: var(--ink-fainter); user-select: none; padding-right: .75rem; }
.essay-panels--figalg pre.algorithm code .fn { color: #a142f4; }
[data-theme="dark"] .essay-panels--figalg pre.algorithm code .kw { color: #8ab4f8; }
[data-theme="dark"] .essay-panels--figalg pre.algorithm code .fn { color: #c58af9; }

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .essay-panels { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .essay-panels--figalg { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}